This phenotype is reliant upon proper variable mapping to specific MPOG surgical service concepts. Some electronic health records do not provide a surgical service for certain procedure types and therefore result as ‘Unknown’ or ‘Surgical Service- Not Specified.’ In these instance, MPOG recommends using billing codes to identify case types, rather than the surgical service phenotype. Also, surgical service typically aligns with the service of the provider performing the surgery and does not always correlate with the expected service for the procedure performed. For example, a colonoscopy may be expected to result the ‘Medical – Gastroenterology’ surgical service, however, if a general surgeon performed the procedure, the case may be scheduled as ‘General Surgery’ and would be mapped to concept 80006 General (Surgery).